滇西镇康放羊山Cu-Pb-Zn多金属矿床流体包裹体和C-O同位素研究     

陈伟  邓明国  耿齐卫  管申进  孔志岗  贾祯  张海 《岩石矿物学杂志》2020,39(6):780-794

滇西镇康放羊山Cu-Pb-Zn多金属矿床是保山地块发现的首个富铜的铅锌多金属矿床。为探讨其成矿流体来源和矿床成因，对该矿床开展了流体包裹体和C-O同位素研究。结果表明，阶段Ⅱ主要发育富液相包裹体，均一温度和盐度（NaCl_eq，质量分数）集中在240～300℃和8.0%～18.0%；阶段Ⅲ以含CO₂和子矿物包裹体为特征，均一温度和盐度的两个峰值为360～400℃、16.0%～24.0%和240～320℃、4.0%～14.0%；阶段Ⅳ以富液相和纯液相包裹体为主，均一温度和盐度降低至220～340℃和8.0%～14.0%。C-O同位素分析结果（δ¹³C_V-PDB值为-5.88‰~-2.37‰，δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为8.18‰~12.79‰）显示成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液，在迁移过程中受到围岩溶解作用的影响。综合研究认为，放羊山矿床阶段Ⅱ和阶段Ⅲ的成矿流体主要来源于大陆碰撞形成的中高温、中高盐度、富CO₂岩浆热液，在阶段Ⅲ晚期和阶段Ⅳ受到中低温、低盐度大气降水的影响；矿床为受构造控制明显的中高温热液矿床，预测在矿区深部有望找到矽卡岩型矿体。  相似文献   

应用Hydrolight模式研究含油水体辐射传输特性的关键技术          下载免费PDF全文

黄妙芬  骆蔚健  刘杨  邢旭峰  庄炀 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(3):7-14

辐射传输模式Hydrolight在国际水色遥感研究领域已被广泛用于解决水体光学的各种问题,也是进行石油类污染水体辐射传输特性研究的有效模型。结合Hydrolight模式的机理、应用现状及含油水体的特点,提出了将该模式应用于光学特性复杂的石油污染水体辐射传输特性研究时需要解决的关键技术,包括测定石油污染水体吸收系数和散射系数、建立石油污染吸收和散射特性随波长和深度变化的参数化模型、确定油物质的吸附后悬浮颗粒物体散射函数模型等方面。依据2018年8月和2016年8月分别在辽宁大连港和辽宁盘锦辽河油田等区域测定的含油水体数据,讨论了这些关键技术的解决方案。  相似文献   

Using LM‐OSL of quartz to distinguish sediments derived from surface‐soil and channel erosion          下载免费PDF全文

Arman Haddadchi  Jon Olley  Timothy Pietsch 《水文研究》2016,30(4):637-647

This study describes the use of linearly modulated optically stimulated luminescence (LM‐OSL) to distinguish surface‐soil derived sediments from those derived from channel bank erosion. LM‐OSL signals from quartz extracted from 15 surface‐soil and five channel bank samples were analysed and compared to signals from samples collected from two downstream river sites. Discriminant analysis showed that the detrapping probabilities of fast, first slow and second slow components of the LM‐OSL signal can be used to differentiate between the samples collected from the channel bank and surface‐soil sources. We show that for each of these source end members these components are all normally distributed. These distributions are then used to estimate the relative contribution of surface‐soil derived and channel bank derived sediment to the river bed sediments. The results indicate that channel bank derived sediments dominate the sediment sources at both sites, with 90.1 ± 3% and 91.9 ± 1.9% contributions. These results are in agreement with a previous study which used measurements of ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex fallout radionuclides to estimate the relative contribution from these two sources. This result shows that LM‐OSL may be a useful method, at least in the studied catchment, to estimate the relative contribution of surface soil and channel erosion to river sediments. However, further research in different settings is required to test the difference of OSL signals in distinguishing these sediment sources. And if generally acceptable, this technique may provide an alternative to the use of fallout radionuclides for source tracing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Assessing the ‘two water worlds’ hypothesis and water sources for native and exotic evergreen species in south‐central Chile          下载免费PDF全文

P. Hervé‐Fernández  C. Oyarzún  C. Brumbt  D. Huygens  S. Bodé  N. E. C. Verhoest  P. Boeckx 《水文研究》2016,30(23):4227-4241

Recent studies using water‐stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ²H) have suggested an ecohydrological separation of water flowing to streams or recharging groundwater and water used by trees, known as the ‘two water worlds’ (TWW) hypothesis. In this study, we measured water isotopic composition in precipitation [open field and throughfall, i.e. local meteoric water line (LMWL)] and the mobile water compartment (i.e. stream and soil solution), bulk soil water and xylem water over a period of 1.5 years in two headwater catchments: NF, covered with old growth native evergreen forest (Aetoxicon punctatum, Laureliopsis philippiana and Eucriphya cordifolia), and EP, covered with 4 and 16‐year‐old Eucalyptus nitens stands. Our results show that precipitation, stream and soil solution plot approximately along the LMWL, while xylem waters from all studied tree species plot below the LMWL, supporting the TWW hypothesis. However, we also found evidence of ecohydrological connectivity during the wet season, likely controlled by the amount of antecedent precipitation. These observations hold for all investigated tree species. On both sites, a different precipitation source for stream and xylem water was observed. However, in EP, bulk soil showed a similar precipitation source as xylem water from both E. nitens stands. This suggests that E. nitens may use water that is recharging the bulk soil compartment. We conclude that under a rainy temperate climate, the TWW hypothesis is temporal and does not apply during wet seasons. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

大气污染物排放量与颗粒物环境空气质量的空间非协同耦合研究——以武汉市为例     

张金亭  赵玉丹  田扬戈  何青青  庄艳华  彭韵羲  洪松 《地理科学进展》2019,38(4):612-624

针对区域大气污染物排放量与空气质量在时空分布上存在不完全协同、匹配的现象,论文选择SO₂、NO_X、PM_2.5、CO和VOCs作为大气污染物指标,选择气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD)表征颗粒物环境空气质量,以武汉市为例,综合应用耦合模型和空间错位指数模型研究2类指标之间的空间非协同耦合规律。主要结论如下：① 武汉市大气污染物排放量与颗粒物空气质量具有不同空间分布特征,大气污染物排放量呈现由城市中心城区向远城区递减的趋势,其中SO₂、PM_2.5和VOCs的排放具有明显的中心聚集现象,而NO_X和CO聚集现象不显著,且与道路分布明显相关;AOD分布具有明显的空间差异性,总体上呈由西北向东南依次递减的趋势。② 武汉市大气污染物排放与颗粒物空气质量的空间非协同耦合规律：越靠近城市中心城区,空间协同耦合现象越显著,空间错位现象越弱;越远离主城区,空间非协同耦合现象越显著,空间错位现象越显著;SO₂排放量与AOD在武汉市远城区的空间错位指数均大于0.7,且耦合度指数小于0.3,呈现较强的非协同耦合特征,NO_X、VOCs、PM_2.5的排放量与AOD在武汉中心城区的空间错位指数均小于0.5,且耦合度指数大于0.5,协同耦合现象较为显著。③ 基于时空非协同耦合分析城市大气环境污染治理建议：针对污染物与AOD空间错位不显著的城市中心城区,以本地减排治理为主;针对污染物与AOD空间错位显著的远城区,应在污染溯源分析的基础上进行区域协调综合治理。  相似文献   

集聚空间组织型式对中国地市尺度工业SO2排放的影响     

胡志强  苗长虹  袁丰 《地理学报》2019,74(10):2045-2061

集聚外部性是集聚影响工业污染排放的重要机制,不同的集聚空间组织型式具有不同的污染排放行为和减排效果。以中国285个地市工业SO₂排放为例,依据集聚经济理论,将集聚空间组织型式细分为集聚密度、企业地理临近度、专业化、多样性、相关多样性、非相关多样性等不同类型,在系统分析工业SO₂排放与集聚空间格局的基础上,通过构建计量经济模型,考察了不同集聚空间组织型式对工业SO₂排放强度的影响。结果表明：① 工业SO₂排放强度与工业集聚密度在空间上具有非对称性,污染排放强度西高东低,工业集聚密度、企业地理临近、多样性、相关和非相关多样性为东中高西部低;② 工业集聚对工业SO₂排放强度的影响存在空间溢出效应,相邻地区集聚密度、多样性和相关多样性水平的上升有利于本区域工业污染排放强度的下降,但专业化水平的上升则会提升本区域的工业污染排放强度;③ 提高集聚密度、引导企业集中布局有利于工业SO₂排放强度下降,多样且关联的产业组织结构有利于污染减排,而专业化和非关联产业的集中会提高污染排放强度;④ 集聚型式对工业SO₂排放强度的影响存在区域和城市规模上的异质性,集聚密度、企业地理临近、多样性和相关多样性对中西部污染减排的作用比东部明显,专业化和非相关多样性不利于东中部地区的污染减排;城区人口规模20万以下的小城市提高集聚密度、减少多样性特别是非相关多样性更有利于污染减排;城区人口规模20~50万的小城市和50~100万的中等城市,提高企业的地理接近度和多样性水平特别是相关多样性水平,有利于其降低污染排放强度;城区人口规模在100万以上的大城市,提高集聚密度和产业多样性水平在一定程度上有利于其污染减排,但其减排效果因拥挤效应而明显下降;⑤ 进一步降低工业SO₂排放强度,需要走集聚化道路,坚持提高集聚密度,因地制宜引导企业集中布局,着力提高产业在关联基础上的多样性水平,加强区域间联防联控,重视区域间的产业联系与环保合作。  相似文献   

A preliminary estimate of how stream water age is influenced by changing runoff sources in the Nagqu river water shed,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau     

Yuheng Yang  Baisha Weng  Denghua Yan  Xiaoyan Gong  Yanyu Dai  Yongzhen Niu 《水文研究》2021,35(10):e14380

  相似文献   

Development of a soil moisture‐based distributed hydrologic model for determining hydrologically based critical source areas          下载免费PDF全文

Sisi Li  Margaret Gitau  David Bosch  Bernard A. Engel  Liang Zhang  Yun Du 《水文研究》2017,31(20):3543-3557

A simple grid cell‐based distributed hydrologic model was developed to provide spatial information on hydrologic components for determining hydrologically based critical source areas. The model represents the critical process (soil moisture variation) to run‐off generation accounting for both local and global water balance. In this way, it simulates both infiltration excess run‐off and saturation excess run‐off. The model was tested by multisite and multivariable evaluation on the 50‐km² Little River Experimental Watershed I in Georgia, U.S. and 2 smaller nested subwatersheds. Water balance, hydrograph, and soil moisture were simulated and compared to observed data. For streamflow calibration, the daily Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient was 0.78 at the watershed outlet and 0.56 and 0.75 at the 2 nested subwatersheds. For the validation period, the Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficients were 0.79 at the watershed outlet and 0.85 and 0.83 at the 2 subwatersheds. The per cent bias was less than 15% for all sites. For soil moisture, the model also predicted the rising and declining trends at 4 of the 5 measurement sites. The spatial distribution of surface run‐off simulated by the model was mainly controlled by local characteristics (precipitation, soil properties, and land cover) on dry days and by global watershed characteristics (relative position within the watershed and hydrologic connectivity) on wet days when saturation excess run‐off was simulated. The spatial details of run‐off generation and travel time along flow paths provided by the model are helpful for watershed managers to further identify critical source areas of non‐point source pollution and develop best management practices.  相似文献   

Using stable isotopes to understand seasonal and interannual dynamics in moisture sources and atmospheric circulation in precipitation          下载免费PDF全文

Yu Tang  Xianfang Song  Yinghua Zhang  Dongmei Han  Likun Ai  Tianbao Zhao  Yajun Wang 《水文研究》2017,31(26):4682-4692

Stable isotopes in precipitation are useful tracers to strengthen understanding of climate change and hydrological processes. In this study, the moisture sources of 190 precipitation events in Beijing were analysed using the Hybrid Single‐particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, based on which we studied the relation between variations in precipitation δ¹⁸O and dynamics in moisture sources and atmospheric circulation in seasonal and interannual timescales. Categorization of 7 groups of moisture sources was performed, among which oceanic moisture sources presented lower δ¹⁸O in precipitation than continental moisture sources. The results show that seasonal variations of precipitation δ¹⁸O were caused by changes of moisture sources. In summer, moisture from proximal oceans dominated vapour transport to Beijing due to increasing monsoon strength and resulted in a relatively small variation of precipitation δ¹⁸O. At the interannual timescale, the variations of δ¹⁸O in summer precipitation were related to dynamics in oceanic moistures, showing depleted values when the contribution of oceanic moistures, especially the proportion of long‐distance oceanic moisture, was high. Further analysis indicated that changes of oceanic moisture sources were controlled by the strength of summer monsoons. These findings address the complexity of moisture sources in midlatitude monsoon areas and suggest that isotopic signals in precipitation have the potential to deduce changes in moisture sources and atmospheric circulation and can therefore serve for palaeoclimate reconstruction.  相似文献   

Application of a Bayesian model to infer the contribution of coalbed natural gas produced water to the Powder River,Wyoming and Montana          下载免费PDF全文

Jason M. Mailloux  Kiona Ogle  Carol D. Frost 《水文研究》2014,28(4):2361-2381

The Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming and Montana contains significant coal and coal bed natural gas (CBNG) resources. CBNG extraction requires the production of large volumes of water, much of which is discharged into existing drainages. Compared to surface waters, the CBNG produced water is high in sodium relative to calcium and magnesium, elevating the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). To mitigate the possible impact this produced water may have on the quality of surface water used for irrigation, the State of Montana passed water anti‐degradation legislation, which could affect CBNG production in Wyoming. In this study, we sought to determine the proportion of CBNG produced water discharged to tributaries that reaches the Powder River by implementing a four end‐member mixing model within a Bayesian statistical framework. The model accounts for the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, δ¹³C_DIC, [Sr] and [DIC] of CBNG produced water and surface water interacting with the three primary lithologies exposed in the PRB. The model estimates the relative contribution of the end members to the river water, while incorporating uncertainty associated with measurement and process error. Model results confirm that both of the tributaries associated with high CBNG activity are mostly composed of CBNG produced water (70–100%). The model indicates that up to 50% of the Powder River is composed of CBNG produced water downstream from the CBNG tributaries, decreasing with distance by dilution from non‐CBNG impacted tributaries from the point sources to ~10–20% at the Montana border. This amount of CBNG produced water does not significantly affect the SAR or electrical conductivity of the Powder River in Montana. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献